You might think that physical aspects of the Earth’s geography would have names as old as anything in English. But there are some geographic features with names that aren’t as old as you might think.  “Volcano,” for example, is a word that dates back only to the 1600s. Its first eruption into English was in Continue reading

In the 1840s in England, the economy went a bit nuts. What was going on had to do with a technology bubble. The technology at the time was the steam train, and everybody wanted to jump into the frenzy by creating a startup company, hiring on some engineers, and selling stock. (Stop me if any Continue reading

It’s common in the computer industry to hear about a feature, function, or attribute being “deprecated.” That means the deprecated thing is being phased out or eliminated. This seems to come from 1990, in a Request for Comments document (an “RFC”) that suggested “In order to better prepare implementors for future changes … a new Continue reading

Here is a scene that’s ironic in a way that’s not obvious. “The general surveyed the wide, grassy plain where his army had just won the final battle in a long series. He sipped a glass of champagne in relief and celebration.”  The question is, what’s ironic about that? Is it the general’s relief? Is Continue reading

A “gauntlet” is a kind of glove. Originally it was a reinforced glove that was the part of medieval armor that protected the hand. Even today a “gauntlet” would usually be a glove of the larger, sturdier sort. But gauntlets weren’t just used for protection. A gauntlet might have been thrown down to signal a Continue reading

You hear it all the time: “third-world countries,” or “that’s a first-world problem.” But you hardly ever hear about the second world. And oddly enough, even though the whole idea of categorizing nations as first-, second-, and third-world hasn’t been around all that long, today’s phrases have already shifted in meaning from their original usage. Continue reading

An oversight of oversight Having oversight of something means you’re in charge of it, or managing it. It’s a pretty old word, and has been used to mean some form of authority or supervision for centuries. Queen Margaret of Anjou used “oversight” in this way in a letter from about 1421: “Send sum trusty man Continue reading

Gardens are shut down this time of year, but you’ve got the whole winter to plan to fit out your plot with “Cotswold stone retaining walls; vaguely Spanish wrought iron gates; crazy paving… colored yellow, green, and pink; irregular ponds of pale blue fibreglass fed by streams of impossible source; gnomes, fairies, and animals, usually Continue reading

If you ease the burden of something, you might say that you “lightened” it. If you make something less messy, you’ve “tidied.” But not “tidy-ened.” When you make something easier to understand, you’ve “clarified” — but not “clearened” or “claried.” And for that matter, if you go around your room straightening and correcting things, you’ve Continue reading

In the last century BCE there was a small kingdom on the southern edge of the Black Sea, called “Pontus.” They fought several wars with Rome, but in later centuries the kingdom was chiefly remembered for Mithridates IV, the king of Pontus. Courtly life in Pontus being what it was (not very nice), Mithridates was Continue reading