What we know as “tennis” is not the original game of tennis. The original tennis is probably derived from the French word “tenez,” which means “look out!” — probably because it’s a game in which somebody uses a racquet to hit a ball at you as hard as they can.  Tennis was played as early… Continue reading

It’s not a good look to be fawning over somebody. Fawning is “courting favor by an abject demeanor.” It can also mean to cringe, as if you’re sure you’re about to be beaten, or insulted, or otherwise ill-used by somebody that you can’t or won’t fight back against. In fiction, it’s usually the bad guy’s… Continue reading

Have you ever noticed that people who lack compassion are called “ruthless,” but the most caring, empathetic person in the world isn’t called “ruthful” or “ruth”? That’s a relatively recent development; up until the 1800s, “ruth” was a relatively common word, and sure enough, it meant the opposite of “ruthless.”  “Ruth” entered English long ago,… Continue reading

A bitter taste is unpleasant. It’s acrid and sharp, and the sharpness is the key to why it’s called “bitter.” That’s because “bitter” used to be the Old English word “biter,” a word that was just what it sounds like; something that bites. A bitter taste “bites” your tongue, so to speak.  Having begun with… Continue reading

In England (at least), someone who designs crossword puzzles is called a “crossword setter.” There was one crossword setter — you can find his work in the Guardian newspaper online — who goes by two names. His given name is “Donald Putnam”, and he created puzzles called quiptic crosswords. According to the newspaper, that’s “a… Continue reading

It’s flabbergasting how you can be metagrobolized by “flummox,” flummoxed by “metagrobolize,” and you can be both flummoxed and metagrobolized by “flabbergast.”  “Flabbergast” first appeared in the 1700s. Today it means astonished or very, very surprised, but back when it was a new word (probably created by combining“flap” and “aghast”), it also meant terrified. The… Continue reading

In 1919 the US adopted the 18th Amendment to the Constitution, banning the manufacture and sale of alcohol. It was generally known as “Prohibition.” In 1933, after reviewing the mostly disastrous results (enormous growth in organized crime, for one), the whole thing was repealed. But it left some traces behind in language. The most widely… Continue reading

Words take on new meanings all the time. One of them is terrific. No, I mean one of them is “terrific.” It comes from the Latin word “terrificus,” which means frightening. But of course nowadays if you say something is terrific, you mean it’s marvelous and not frightening at all. Something like, I don’t know,… Continue reading

Mind your P’s and Q’s is an old saying meaning “be on your best behavior” or “mind your manners.” It’s still used today, here and there. It’s the sort of thing a grandma might say to her grandchild. But calling it an “old saying” is an understatement, it turns out that it’s much older than… Continue reading

A portmanteau word is coined by combining two or more words into one. “Brunch,” for example, is made up from “breakfast” and “lunch.” Portmanteau words seem to be getting more common; “cyborg,” “edutainment,” and, for that matter, “internet” are all well known and recent. But the practice of combining existing words into new ones has… Continue reading